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Three Abbreviated Research Plans
This week, you will consider all three research methods (Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Methods ) holistically when you compare and evaluate them as a coda to your three refined abbreviated research plans begun in Week 8, and due this week.
In a single document submit:
• Your three finalized abbreviated research plans (6 to 9 pages total) in which you do the following for each plan: (I HAVE ATTACHED THE THREE Plans…just need refining)
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•
o Refine introduction.
o Refne a purpose statement.
o Refine viable research questions and hypotheses (where applicable).
• Generate written research plans that address the questions that were associated with each respective Application in (SEE BELOW FOR 8, 9, 10)
Weeks 8:
What are your research questions? To what extent can you test them? How would you justify the viability of your questions?
• What are your hypotheses? How would you test them?
• Why would this design be the most appropriate for answering the research questions? Conversely, why would qualitative and mixed methods designs not be appropriate?
• What quantitative approach would you select for this study? Why is that approach the most appropriate one for answering the research questions?
• What theoretical framework or perspective would you use?
• What is your target population? How would you identify and recruit participants? What factors would contribute to determining appropriate sample size? You will not need to calculate sample size for this assignment.
• What are the independent and dependent variables?
• If appropriate for your plan, what instruments might you need?
• What data collection procedures might you use? Why would those be the most appropriate methods to use? How would that data help to answer your research question(s)/hypotheses?
• What are threats to validity? How might you mitigate them?
• How might you analyze the data?
• What are the ethical considerations related to the plan?
• WEEK 9: What are your research questions? To what extent can you test them?
• How would you justify the viability of your questions?
• Why would this design be the most appropriate for answering the research questions? Conversely, why would quantitative and mixed methods not be appropriate?
• What approach would you select for this study (ethnography, grounded theory, case study, phenomenology, narrative)? Why is that approach the most appropriate one for answering the research questions?
• What theoretical framework or perspective would you use?
• What would be your role as the researcher?
• What is your target population? How would you identify and recruit participants? What factors would contribute to determining appropriate sample size? You will not need to calculate sample size for this assignment.
• If appropriate for your plan, what instruments might you need?
• What data collection procedures might you use? Why would those be the most appropriate methods to use? How would that data help to answer your research question(s)?
• How would you ensure quality and reliability of data?
• What are threats to validity? How might you mitigate them?
• How might you analyze the data?
• What are the ethical considerations related to the plan?
• and 10: What are your research questions? To what extent can you test them? How would you justify the viability of your questions?
• What are your hypotheses? How would you test them?
• Why would this design be the most appropriate for answering the research questions? Conversely, why would quantitative or qualitative on their own not be appropriate?
o For a mixed methods design, which design is the primary one? Why is that appropriate?
• What approach would you select for this study (experimental, survey, ethnography, grounded theory, etc.)? Why is that approach the most appropriate one for answering the research questions?
• What theoretical framework or perspective would you use?
• What is your target population? How would you identify and recruit participants? What factors would contribute to determining appropriate sample size? You will not need to calculate sample size for this assignment.
• If appropriate for your plan, what instruments might you need?
• What data collection procedures might you use? Why would those be the most appropriate methods to use? How would that data help to answer your research question(s)/hypotheses?
• How would you ensure quality and reliability of data?
• What are threats to validity? How might you mitigate them?
• How might you analyze the data?
• What are the ethical considerations related to the plan?
• Craft a 2- to 3-page comparison and evaluation of the strengths and limitations of each of the three research methods based upon your work with each method.
Research: Quantitative, Qualitative and Mixed Methods
The three research methods; quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods all offer varying means of data collection and treatment. It is not prudent to rule out or pick out one to be the best until the research at hand has been conducted and the strengths and weaknesses of each method have been analyzed and identified. Otherwise, they can also be used for research except that the quality and integrity of the results obtained may vary. Thus, it is necessary to make a comparison of the three research models before deciding on which is the better (Creswell, 2014).
Comparisons and Limitations
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Qualitative Method
The qualitative approach has been identified to be instrumental in conducting research involving phenomena in social sciences including psychology, sociology and anthropology. Indeed, with its attributes, it offers a formidable research method. The qualitative approach provides descriptive data due to the methods of data collection that it implements. These methods include interviews and document reviews. After collection of the data, the researcher presents the information in prose form and attempts to explain the findings to the audience by triggering him/her to create mental pictures on the matter at hand (Wazlawik & Born, 2007).
The descriptive nature of this method may be useful in helping the researcher argue out the case to the reader. However, its greatest limitation is subjectivity. As much as there may be data and information to back up the researcher’s points and views, much of the understanding of the results and conclusion is based on his/her argument and presentation. Thus, the reader’s perspective may be diluted or even overturned by the opinions of the researcher. In other words, the descriptive nature of the qualitative method makes it difficult for the reader to draw his or her own conclusions from the reading, a conspicuously downgrading shortcoming of the qualitative method. The reliability of information collected through the method therefore depends largely on the skills and attributes of the researcher. Another attribute or lack of thereof of this method is absence of statistical data to back up the findings and the fact that it is less generalizable.
Quantitative Method
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The quantitative method is the other commonly used method of research which is based on collection of data from surveys, interviews, observations and secondary sources (documented sources) (Thomas, 2003). As opposed to the qualitative method which is primarily used to formulate theories and hypotheses, this method is used to test concepts and hypotheses that make up theories. More importantly, it is number based and implements the use of statistical tests for analysis. This is another noteworthy difference between this method and qualitative method of research. In addition, quantitative research is more generalizable and the accuracy of the data collected depends greatly on the instruments used in collection and analysis as opposed to the researcher as is the case in qualitative method.
The main limitations in qualitative research come in the form of data collection and analysis. To begin with, the use of questionnaires (usually closed ended) may result to collection of inaccurate and sometimes inadequate data. Closed ended questionnaires may limit acquisition of detailed responses from the participants. At the same time, allowing the participants a lot of time with minimal supervision may result to provision of inaccurate data that may render the whole process unreliable. The quantitative method of research is also prone to debilitating circumstances, especially those that involve absence of tools and instruments used in data collection and analysis. In addition, this method allows the subject to come up with conclusions of his/her own after observing the statistically presented data. In situations where treatment of results is not guided, the reader may misinterpret the results and draw invalid conclusions altogether (Creswell, 2014).
Mixed Method
The mixed method of research incorporates elements of both quantitative and qualitative methods to give rise to a more comprehensive method. For this reason, its use is commonly implemented in circumstances that do not favour the use of qualitative or quantitative methods on their own (Johnson & Christensen, 2012). It implements methods of data collection from both quantitative and qualitative methods including conduction of in-depth interviews and intervention trials among others. Further, data from both methods are presented together. This presents a platform for the reader to get the perspective of researcher and also form his/her conclusions. The data from quantitative and qualitative methods can be presented in three ways; by merging, embedding or connecting.
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Despite its numerous positive attributes, the mixed method of research also comes with an array of drawbacks. The most noteworthy of these are drawn from its strengths! For instance, in light of the various methods of data collection that can be implemented in this method, it becomes necessary to invest a lot of resources in this method in terms of time and input. This may hinder the progress of the research study. Another drawback is sampling issues. Since this method incorporates elements of two different research methods, this problem is likely to arise. Issues such as determination of the sample size for analysis and implementing a uniform unit of analysis across the data collected may prove a handful. Interpretive and analytic issues may also come as a challenge (Johnson & Christensen, 2012).
