single purpose: that being survival. Perhaps at no other time was Maslow’s hierarchy of human needs.

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single purpose: that being survival. Perhaps at no other time was Maslow’s hierarchy of human needs more singular in development than at the beginning of the human

struggle. It is likely that hunter-gatherer groups had a rudimentary set of rules for the group. Anthropologists think that these groups were controlled by the

strongest, most capable person of the clan. Wits and a keen awareness of how to survive in hostile conditions were more valuable than one’s intellect. I don’t want to

have to apologize to “Cavemen,” like we see on the commercials, “Even a caveman can do it;” but we are often of the opinion that persons “back then,”

lacked

intelligence. However, that could not be more inaccurate. Before we became aware of the power of numbers and the manipulation of those numbers to describe phenomena

beyond our ability to observe, such as what Einstein did in his theory of general relativity, the “first ones” survived on instinct and they paid attention to behavior

that improved their chances of continued survival. Behavior that worked against survival was used as a teaching tool to the clan’s offspring as a means to guarantee a

resistance to misbehave.

Getting it wrong could mean loss of life or a loss of property, or both. Clan resources had to be protected, and those resources included clan

members. Successful clans were those who could not only survive, but could thrive. To ensure continued success, the clan developed rules. How these rules came into

being is not entirely known, but it is likely that there was an extended trial and error period for each clan. If clans came into contact with other clans,

it is

likely that they shared success and failure stories. Nothing was written down, so it was important for each clan to develop an oral history. Someone in the clan was

probably designated to be the story-teller. The younger members of the clan were taught through story-telling, until they too were able to tell the same stories. There

are many examples of this type of behavior among indigenous peoples on every continent. Whether tribes in the rain forests of Ecuador, or the jungles of Indonesia,

or

American Indian tribes indigenous people groups depend on a sincere effort to keep their history alive through public, oral recitation.

Ferris’ Timeline On pages 415-416 you’ll see displayed a timeline put together by Timothy Ferris, from Coming of Age in the Milky Way. We don’t often appreciate just

how long it took for Homo sapiens to emerge. What follows are some of the highlights from Ferris’ timeline.

600,000 360,000

Homo sapiens emerge Controlled use of fire common among genus Homo

150,000 100,000

Woolly Mammoth roam Stars take on the forms of the recognizable modern constellations

40,000

Invention of complex language; modern humans flourish

35,000

Neanderthal man disappears. First musical instruments are crafted

20,000-15,000 19,000 18,000 10,000 3,500

Agriculture invented Peopling of the Americas begins Animals are herded by humans Cultivation of wheat,

rice begins Development of writing

Author’s Note I am aware of two main approaches to human history: one based on evolution and the other based on creationism. The author does not see any particular

inconsistency with Ferris’ notion of the human timeline. However, in order to preserve personal choice, the reader will not be asked to identify his or her perception

of how things came into being.