How do the meninges and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) function together in a healthy nervous system; what are their roles?

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Resource: Nervous System Lab

Complete the Nervous System Lab located on the student website.

Complete the open-book quiz about the nervous system and associated diseases. The quiz will be provided by your instructor.

University of Phoenix Material

Nervous System Lab – Week Seven

Introduction

The nervous system has two components: the central nervous system, which consists of the brain and spinal chord; and the peripheral nervous system, which is composed of nerves. As you learn about the various diseases that affect the nervous system, it is important for you to understand the structures that can be affected by disease. Complete this lab to become familiar with a healthy system and to identify diseases related to the brain, spinal chord, and nerves.

PART ONE: basic functions

Provide brief answers to the following questions to help you get acquainted with the basic functions of a healthy nervous system. Refer to Ch. 24 in Microbiology: Principles and Explorations.

1.     How do the meninges and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) function together in a healthy nervous system; what are their roles?

2.     What is the blood-brain barrier?  

3.     What normal microflora reside in the nervous system?

PART two: basic structures

Visit Chapter 24 of Microbiology: Principles and Explorations in WileyPlusto view an in-depth presentation of a healthy nervous system by completing the following steps:

·      Select the Chapter 24 WileyPlus reading link located on your student Web page.

·      Locate the heading Chapter Review.

·      Select the Anatomy Overview: The Nervous System link.

·      Complete this lab as you explore the Nervous System multimedia piece.

Nervous System: The Brain

Roll over each component of the Nervous System multimedia piece. Click on the brain. Refer to the Braincomponent of the multimedia piece to label the structures in the following diagram of a healthy brain.

Nervous System: The Spinal Cord

Click the icon in the upper left corner of the Brain diagram to return to the main menu in the Nervous System multimedia piece. Click the Spinal Cord component to navigate to the Spinal Corddiagram. Refer to the Spinal Corddiagram of the multimedia piece to label the following structures of a healthy spinal cord.

PART three: investigate and apply

Several different pathogenic bacteria can cause bacterial meningitis, an infection and inflammation of the meninges. Select any form of bacterial meningitis discussed in Ch. 24 of Microbiology: Principles and Explorations, and answer the following:

1.     Which form of bacterial meningitis did you select and what is its causal agent?

2.     What symptoms are typical of this form of meningitis?

3.      Which age group or population is most susceptible to this form of meningitis and do typical activities within that age group have any influence on a person contracting the disease?

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SCI250 Week 7 Chapter 24 Nervous System Quiz – 5 points (Please underline, highlight and or check the most appropriate answer)Section: Multiple Choice 1.     Which of the following is associated with serious infection of the meninges?Clogging of blood vesselsIncreased pressure within the skullDecreased cerebrospinal fluid flowImpaired central nervous system functionAll of the above2.     Which of the following is a common cause of meningitis in non-immunized young children?Streptococcus pneumoniaeEscherichia coliStaphylococcusHaemophilus influenzaeNone of the above3.     A complication of infection with this organism (Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome) can occur if the organism becomes widely distributed in the body, leading to endotoxin shock and death. What is this organism?Haemophilus influenzaeNeisseria meningitidisHaemophilus influenza Streptococcus pneumoniaeListeria monocytogenes4.     What is the microorganism that causes most cases of meningitis among adults? Haemophilus influenzaeNeisseria meningitidisHaemophilus influenzaeListeria monocytogenesStreptococcus pneumoniae5.     Which of the following bacteria that may cause meningitis is Gram positive and therefore does not cause endotoxin shock in infected individuals?Escherichia coliNeisseria meningitidisListeria monocytogenesHaemophilus influenzaeNone of the above6.     Meningitis caused by Listeria monocytogenes is usually transmited by ________food.water.aerosols.sexual contact.physical contact.7.     What causes Hansen’s disease (leprosy)?Mycobacterium tuberculosisMycobacterium lepraeListeria monocytogenesClostridium botulinumPrions 8.     An immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT) has replaced the older test for the presence of inclusions in neurons (Negri bodies) for the detection of infections caused by ________Neisseria meningitides.Enteroviruses.Mumps virus.Rabies virus.Haemophilus influenzae.9.     What viruses most likely cause encephalitis?TogavirusesEnterovirusesMumps virusRabies virusHepatitis viruses10.  Muscle spasms that can lead to an arched back and spasms of the jaw muscles (lockjaw) can be caused by infections with ________Clostridium tetani. Clostridium botulinum.Mycobacterium leprae.Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Poliovirus.11.  What is the most common form of disease caused by Clostridium botulinum?InfantWoundLung, followed by exposure to aerosolsFoodborneNone of the above12.  Preventing African sleeping sickness is nearly impossible because ________the trypanosomes change their surface glycoproteins evading the host immune response.the tsetse fly has a wide range and eradication is difficult.vaccines must target many antigens.All of the above13.  Poliovirus infections may cause no symptoms and go undetected in ________small children.teenagers.young adults.elderly.All of the above14.  Which form of poliovirus vaccine is better at eliminating viruses in the gastrointestinal tract?Live attenuated vaccineFormalin-killed vaccineSection: Matching15.  Shrinkage and lysis of neurons of the central nervous system; headache, fever, and sometimes brain necrosis and convulsionsBacterial meningitisListeriosis Rabies EncephalitisHansen’s disease TetanusBotulismPoliomyelitisTransmissable spongiform encephalopathiesChagas’ disease16.  Range of symptoms from loss of skin pigment and sensation to lepromas and erosion of skin and boneBacterial meningitisListeriosisRabiesEncephalitisHansen’s diseaseTetanusBotulismPoliomyelitisTransmissable spongiform encephalopathiesChagas’ disease17.  Toxin-mediated disease; muscle stiffness, spasms, paralysis of respiratory muscles, heart damage, and usually deathBacterial meningitisListeriosisRabiesEncephalitis Hansen’s diseaseTetanusBotulismPioliomyelitis Transmissable spongiform encephalopathies Chagas’ disease18.  Fever, back pain, muscle spasms, partial or complete flaccid paralysis from destruction of motor neuronsBacterial meningitis Listeriosis RabiesEncephalitisHansen’s diseaseTetanusBotulismPoliomyelitisTransmissable spongiform encephalopathiesChagas’ disease19.  Death of brain cells leave holes, creating spongiform brain tissue; amyloid plaques form; long delay before symptoms appear; then spasms rapidly worsening to collapse; no cureBacterial meningitisListeriosisRabiesEncephalitisHansen’s diseaseTetanusBotulismPoliomyelitisTransmissable spongiform encephalopathiesChagas’ disease 20.  Subcutaneous inflammation, damage to lymphatic tissues, muscle, and nerve ganglia; muscle pain and paralysis of intestinal, heart, and skeletal muscleBacterial meningitisListeriosisRabiesEncephalitisHansen’s diseaseTetanusBotulismPoliomyelitisTransmissable spongiform encephalopathies Chagas’ disease

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