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Guidelines for Module 9 Lab: Coasts and Changing Sea Levels This assignment is due Monday, April 30th at 5:00 pm. Please submit your answers to this lab using the “Lab 9 Questions” quiz in D2L. You will only be able to submit your lab answers once, since your lab will be graded immediately upon submission. The Module 9 Lab may be accessed at this URL (I recommend opening the lab in a new browser window, so you can maximize its screen extent, rather than working on the lab within D2L): https://ksugis.maps.arcgis.com/apps/MapSeries/index.html?appid=46eca6a4ad154c1a8b7f679a358473 9b Module 9 Lab questions and multiple choice options are given below. Note that “Hints” regarding story map functions and content are provided in yellow highlighted text. LAB QUESTIONS Introduction 1. Which of the following is not a reason people live near or on the coast? A. Transportation B. Aesthetics C. Access to fresh water D. Access to ocean resources Note: The video under Topic 2 illustrates the process of longshore drift, not tidal cycles (as the caption in the story map indicates). Note that littoral drift is an important near shore process, and I encourage you to review this video as you study the textbook and PowerPoint slides. But you do not need it to answer question 2. Question 2 should be answered using information in the USGS Coastal Processes web page (see the link under the littoral processes video in the story map). 2. What is the height of a normal high tide (difference in water level between high and low tide during a normal tidal cycle) in the Gulf of Mexico? A. 1 meter B. 5 meters C. 2 meters D. 0.5 meter 3. Which of the following is not a structural method humans use to protect a shoreline. A. Seawalls B. Groins C. Breakwaters D. Vegetation only Note: The Lake Ellesmere, Canterbury, New Zealand (NASA) link related to Question 4 is broken, and an alternative source for information about the Banks Peninsula headlands is not available. When answering this question, note that these headlands are not eroded intensely because they reflect wave energy in an atypically efficient manner.https://ksugis.maps.arcgis.com/apps/MapSeries/index.html?appid=46eca6a4ad154c1a8b7f679a3584739bhttps://ksugis.maps.arcgis.com/apps/MapSeries/index.html?appid=46eca6a4ad154c1a8b7f679a3584739b
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Check My Assignment!4. In the Lake Ellesmere reading, the Banks Peninsula headlands are not eroded as intensely as other headlands. Why? A. Efficient reflection of wave energy B. Seawalls absorb wave energy C. Headlands are made of hard material D. Offshore sand bars slow waves down Global Perspective 5. Buenos Aires, Argentina. Body of water? A. Pacific Ocean B. Gulf stream C. Rio de La Plata D. Amazon River 6. Los Angeles, CA. Body of water? A. Pacific Ocean B. Gulf stream C. Rio de La Plata D. Amazon River Hint: To search coordinates in ArcGIS Online using the search tab, enter them in the order of longitude, latitude. 7. 31.272135 (Latitude), 121.493563 (Longitude). Body of water? Hint: you may find that the water body located to the east of (and closest to) this city is not labeled in the story map. If so, please use the map below to determine the body of water of interest. A. Yellow Sea B. East China Sea C. Taiwan Strait D. Philippine Sea
8. 19.035909 (Latitude), 72.790010 (Longitude). Body of water? A. Bay of Bengal B. Arabian Sea C. South Sea D. Sri Lankan Sea Erosional Features 9. What is the name of the feature where letter A is located? A. Spit B. Headland C. Beach D. Lagoon 10. Use the contour lines to estimate the elevation of the highest point of this feature (near the radio symbol). A. 80 ft B. 160 ft C. 240 ft D. 360 ft 11. What land use(s) is(are) not found on this feature? A. Light house B. Quarry C. Houses D. Golf course Hint: The 1990 Agate Beach imagery is low resolution, making determination of the exact location of the edge of the water difficult. On both 1990 and 2010 imagery (questions 12 & 13), measure from location B to the eastern edge of the wet sand. (The wet sand is brown in color; the dry sand is tan.) The edge of the wet sand in the 1990 image (below) is marked by the tip of the red arrow in the screen shot below as an example. The wet sand represents the highest point that the wave swash reached in each image and should be used as “edge of water” in your measurements. Before starting #12, you may need to move the slider widget to the right to see the marker for location B.
12. Using the ruler tool to measure, estimate the distance (in meters) from B to the water? (Select the value below that is closest to what you observe in the story map.) A. 15 meters B. 50 meters C. 75 meters D. 130 meters Hint: Before answering #13, in the dropdown menu on the lower right hand corner of the viewer window, select the “GLS1990 Enhanced (Mature Support)” option. This will enable you to swipe the 1990 image to reveal the 2010 image. The edge of wet sand in the 2010 image should be clearly visible. 13. Assuming the tide in the image is the same as 1990, estimate the distance (in meters) from B to the water? A. 20 meters B. 80 meters C. 200 meters D. 260 meters 14. What is the average change in the width of the beach from 1990-2010? (Hint – Calculate the difference in distance divided by the number of years.) A. (20m – 15m) ÷ 11 years = 0.45m/year B. (80m – 50m) ÷ 11 years = 2.73m/year C. (260m – 75) ÷ 11 years = 16.8m/year D. (260m – 130m) ÷ 11 years = 11.8m/year 15. Assuming both images were captured at low tide, is this part of Agate beach experiencing progradation (expansion) or retrogradation (contraction)? A. Progradation B. Retrogradation Hint: Use information in Section 15.7B of the textbook to identify the structure shown in the aerial imagery of South Beach. 16. Identify a feature that mitigates the erosional power of waves. A. Seawall B. Breakwater C. Jetties D. Bridge Note: Littoral (or beach) drift is a process that moves sediment laterally along shorelines. As you study our chapter reading and the PowerPoint slides, be sure to review this process. It is discussed in Section 15.4B of the text. Along a shoreline, sediment tends to accumulate on the “upstream” side of structures relative to the prevailing direction of the littoral drift. Use this information to infer the direction of the littoral drift in #17. 17. In which general direction is littoral drift moving? A. North B. East
C. South D. West Hint: The transparency slider for the Newport North, OR topographic map is not functioning. To compare the topographic map to the aerial image check/uncheck the box to the left of the “Newport North, OR” label in the layer list. 18. What coastal feature used to be at the Jump-off Joe symbol? A. Headlands B. Sea walls C. Sea stack D. Sand dune Depositional Features Hint: For this portion of the lab, be sure to read the section on depositional landforms in Section 15.5B of the text. In this section, Cape Cod is discussed. Note that the “curled fist” of Cape Cod represents a type of spit known as a “curved spit” or “hooked spit.” This term is typically applied to any spit with curvature. 19. What coastal feature are these islands? A. Barrier islands B. Mud flats C. Rock islands D. Salt marshes 20. What feature is represented by the brown dots? A. Gravel B. Sand or mud C. Dry lake D. Tailing pond 21. What feature is represented by the black dots? A. Gravel B. Foreshore flat C. Pebbles D. Mud 22. What is represented by the blue clumps of vegetation? A. Marsh B. Submerged marsh C. Wooded marsh D. Land subject to inundation 23. Estimate the elevation of the highest point on Figure Eight Island (Hint: you may need to pan slightly to the southwest to find Figure Eight Island). A. 5ft B. 10ft
C. 25ft D. 35ft 24. What has happened to the two barrier islands? A. Tectonic activity has closed the gap B. Sand has filled the gap between the two islands C. Erosion has filled in the gap D. The gap still exists 25. What is this coastal feature called? A. Curl B. Spit C. Hooked spit D. Lagoon Hint: recall from #17 that littoral (or beach) drift moves sediment laterally along shorelines. Depositional landforms, such as Feature C, are shaped by this process, as more and more sediment is deposited over time. Thus, the orientation and shape of landforms like Feature C can be used to infer the prevailing direction of littoral drift (and therefore of waves) in the area. Use Feature C to determine the prevailing direction in which waves are moving for the location shown in #26. 26. Based on the shape of C, what is the prevailing direction of the waves? A. NE B. NW C. SE D. SW
