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Guidelines and Questions for Module 5 Lab: Weathering and Mass Wasting This assignment is due Monday, March 12th at 5:00 pm.
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Check My Assignment!Please submit your answers using the “Lab 05 Questions” quiz in D2L. You will only be able to submit your lab answers once, and your lab will be graded immediately upon submission. The Module 5 Lab may be accessed at this URL (I recommend opening the lab in a new browser window, so you can maximize its screen extent, rather than working on the lab within D2L): https://ksugis.maps.arcgis.com/apps/MapSeries/index.html?appid=23259c1cf923453aa9429ba2c6457b 34 The lab questions with multiple choice answer options are given below. Also note that hints regarding certain aspects of the “Story Map” functions and lab content are provided below with the lab questions (see yellow highlighted text). Be sure you read these items, as they are intended to help you navigate and complete the exercise. LAB QUESTIONS Introduction The link for #1 in the Story Map routes to a USGS report that does not directly address landslide speed. Please use the following information to answer #1: The slope of the terrain, the water content of the soil and geologic materials at a particular location, and the volume of debris are all factors that influence the velocity of a given landslide. The time since the last landslide in a given place does not directly affect a landslide’s speed. 1. According to the website, which of the following factors does not influence the speed of landslides? A. Slope of ground B. Water content C. Volume of debris D. Time since last landslide 2. Other than the rock material, what are the two most important factors in chemical weathering? A. Water and slope of land B. Debris type and water C. Slope of land and temperature D. Water and temperature 3. How are caves and caverns, once underground, now visible on the surface in this mature tropical karst environment? A. A decrease in water levels exposed the caves and caverns B. Terracing of mountains for agricultural production exposed them C. Tectonic uplift and weathering and erosion of mountains exposed them D. Removal of vegetation exposed the caves and cavernshttps://ksugis.maps.arcgis.com/apps/MapSeries/index.html?appid=23259c1cf923453aa9429ba2c6457b34https://ksugis.maps.arcgis.com/apps/MapSeries/index.html?appid=23259c1cf923453aa9429ba2c6457b34
The link immediately before Question 4 in the Story Map provides footage that will help you appreciate the speed of landslides, but the footage does not contain the information you need to answer #4. Please also watch the video available at the link below, about mass wasting events in Yosemite National Park, then answer #4. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H0YhlqP1BgE 4. What does the presence of lichen on boulders tell scientists? A. It tells us the parent material of the debris B. It tells us the relative time of a mass wasting event C. It tells us what the slope of the land used to be D. It tells us what the moisture content was at the time of the mass wasting event. 5. What are the characteristics of areas generally considered not to be safe from landslides A. On flat areas away from slopes B. On hard, non-jointed bedrock that has not moved in the past C. At the base of minor drainage hollows D. At the top or along the nose of ridges, set back from the tops of slopes Global Perspective Hint: For Questions 6-9, provide the weathering regime for a given location based on where the mean annual precipitation and mean annual temperature for that location plot on Figure 1. For the geographic context for a given location, you may type its name (or latitude and longitude) in the search bar at the top left hand side of the viewer window and zoom to the site. 6. What is the dominant weathering In Bangkok, Thailand (28°C, 145cm)? A. Moderate chemical B. Strong chemical C. Moderate chemical with frost action D. Very slight weathering 7. What is the dominant weathering in New Delhi, India (25°C, 80cm)? A. Moderate chemical to very slight weathering B. Strong chemical C. Moderate chemical with frost action D. Strong physical Hint: For #8, if you find that the precipitation and temperature plot within the “No Such Environment” field of Figure 1, estimate the weathering type for the location by selecting the closest viable option on the diagram. 8. What is the dominant weathering at 19°10’21.78″N, 96° 7’59.77″W (25°C, 236cm)? A. Moderate chemical B. Strong chemical C. Moderate chemical with frost action D. Strong physicalhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H0YhlqP1BgE
9. What is the dominant weathering at 58°18’7.00″N, 134°25’11.00″W (5°C, 140cm)? A. Moderate chemical B. Strong chemical C. Moderate chemical with frost action D. Strong physical Weathering Questions 10-15 require you to identify the type of mechanical or chemical weathering shown for each question, based on both aerial imagery and close-up photographs. A close-up photograph is shown in the pop up information for Feature A (#10) in the Story Map. But close-up photos for B-F are either of poor quality (#11) or are missing (#12-15), so I have included photographs representative of these locations below. 10. Identify mechanical weathering at Feature A. A. Frost wedging B. Frost heaving C. Salt-crystal growth D. Exfoliation 11. Identify mechanical weathering at Feature B:
A. Frost wedging B. Frost heaving C. Salt-crystal growth D. Exfoliation
12. Identify mechanical weathering at Feature C (this image represents a location close to the base of Feature C):
A. Frost wedging B. Frost heaving C. Salt-crystal growth D. Exfoliation 13. Identify chemical weathering at Feature D (this photograph shows the ground surface at the Feature D location):
A. Hydrolysis B. Carbonation C. Oxidation D. Spheroidal
14. Identify chemical weathering at Feature E (this photo provides a close-up view of some of the rounded boulders that appear on the hillslope at the Feature E location in the Story Map):
A. Hydrolysis B. Carbonation C. Oxidation D. Spheroidal 15. Identify chemical weathering at Feature F. (Hint: the photograph below shows a rock known as coquina. I recommend doing an online search to determine what “coquina” is. Use your findings to help you answer #15.)
A. Hydrolysis B. Carbonation C. Oxidation D. Spheroidal
Karst Topography Hint: To zoom to Feature A, click Feature A in the diagram to open the pop-up window, then click the “Zoom to” link in the pop-up’s lower left hand corner. Also, for more information about karst features (and topographic map interpretations of karst landforms), please see the “Lab05_Karst_Tips” PDF provided under the Assignments heading for Module 5 in D2L. Information in this slide set provide some additional tips relevant to questions 16- 26. 16. What do enclosed hachured contour lines topographically represent? A. Water body B. Hill top or high point C. Depression D. Unsure about exact location of contour 17. What do enclosed contour lines without hachured lines topographically represent? A. Water body B. Hill top or high point C. Depression D. Unsure about exact location of contour 18. What type of karst landform is Feature A? A. Sinkhole B. Cave C. Cavern D. Tower Karst Hint: when answering #19, you should determine the difference in elevation between the highest point on the edge (rim) and the lowest point in the bottom of this feature. 19. What is the relief (difference in elevation between maximum elevation and minimum elevation) within Feature A using the elevation profile (in feet)? Select the answer closest to what you see in your elevation profile window. A. 48 feet B. 1,393 feet C. 900 feet D. 9 feet 20. Why would these features have to be on the surface? A. Ground is too soft to construct them underground B. Ground is too wet to construct them underground C. Risk of wastewater contaminating groundwater D. Risk of groundwater contaminating wastewater 21. What is this feature? A. A lake B. A pond C. A spring
D. A swamp 22. What is this feature? A. Disappearing stream B. Road C. Trail D. River Hint: For #23, note the extent of the water in Turner Lake (Feature E) shown on the topographic map. Then, open the Layer List by clicking on the middle icon at the bottom of the viewer window that resembles three stacked sheets of paper. Scroll to the bottom of the Layer List and uncheck the box for Dunnellon, FL. Inspect the water level of Turner Lake in the imagery. Then answer #23. 23. What has happened to the water level in Feature E? A. The water level has increased B. The water level has decreased C. The water level has remained the same D. Unable to determine 24. What is this sinkhole used for? A. Landfill B. Garden C. Swimming pool D. Golf course Tower Karst Note: The only questions for the tower karst section of the lab are 25 and 26 (below). This portion of the lab also allows you to view a slope profile of a tower karst landscape (and I encourage you to do so), but there are no questions related to the slope profile that you need to answer. 25. What land use is found throughout the valleys? (Hint: you may have to pan around the image). A. Commercial buildings B. Industrial complexes C. Agricultural fields D. Golf courses 26. Would you expect to find many caves present in the tower karst landscape? Hint: Remember to consider the information in the short slide set “Lab05_Karst_Tips” when responding to this question. A. Yes, because caves are a common feature of karst landscapes B. No, because erosion has exposed the caves C. Yes, because high water levels create caves D. No, because low water levels create caves
Mass Wasting Hint: Questions #27-32 and #35-39 require you to identify mass wasting features. Use the text and course notes to help you identify the features. Also use geographic and landscape context. You may want to think about the following questions as you work through these problems:
– Does the feature occur on a steep mountain side or on a gentle slope? – Does the feature consist of 1) only rocks; 2) rocks, as well as soil; 3) or a mix of rocks, soil, and
vegetation? – Is the site located in a very cold climate, where you might expect solifluction to occur, or is the
site in a more moderate climate where solifluction does not occur? Also note: questions 28, 30, 32, 36, and 38 each ask why you picked the answer you did for the immediately preceding question. This may not be clear in the Story Map, because the text for Questions 28, 30, 32, 36, and 38 contain typos. If this becomes confusing, refer to the questions below as an alternative (here they are correctly written). 27. Feature G? A. Slump B. Solifluction C. Landslide D. Rockfall 28. Why did you pick the answer you did in Question 27? A. Because the image shows material that has rotated and moved down the slope along a concave plane relative to the surface. B. Because the image shows where freeze-thaw processes result in lobes of soil moving gradually downslope. C. Because the image shows the result of movement of soil and bedrock down a steep slope in response to gravity, D. Because the image shows rocks that suddenly slid down a mountainside 29. Feature H? Hint: Feature H consists of a pile of rocks in a roughly cone-shaped deposit, at the base of a mountain side. A. Slump B. Solifluction C. Landslide D. Rockfall 30. Why did you pick the answer you did in Question 29? A. Because the image shows material that has rotated and moved down the slope along a concave plane relative to the surface. B. Because the image shows where freeze-thaw processes result in lobes of soil moving gradually downslope. C. Because the image shows the result of movement of soil and bedrock down a steep slope in response to gravity, D. Because the image shows rocks that suddenly slid down a mountainside
31. Feature I? A. Slump B. Solifluction C. Landslide D. Rockfall 32. Why did you pick the answer you did in Question 31? A. Because the image shows material that has rotated and moved down the slope along a concave plane relative to the surface. B. Because the image shows where freeze-thaw processes result in lobes of soil moving gradually downslope. C. Because the image shows the result of movement of soil and bedrock down a steep slope in response to gravity, D. Because the image shows rocks that suddenly slid down a mountainside
Hint: Questions #33-34 involve determining rise and run. If the values you observe in the slope web map do not exactly match one of the multiple choice options, choose the option that is closest.
33. What is the RISE (Elevation gain) in feet? A. 3561 feet B. 1358 feet C. 153 feet D. 83 feet 34. What is the RUN of the line (Distance) in miles? A. 3.0 miles B. 1.5 miles C. 0.4 miles D. 0.02 miles 35. Feature J? Hint: Feature J cannot be determined from the aerial imagery. It is a debris flow. Use this information in #36 to identify the option that best describes what you would see if a debris flow had occurred in this location. A. Slump B. Debris flow C. Mudflow D. Soil Creep 36. Why did you pick the answer you did in Question 35? A. Because the images show material that has rotated and moved down the slope along a concave plane relative to the surface. B. Because the images show the results of a rapidly flowing and extremely powerful mass of water, rocks, sediment, boulders, and trees. C. Because the images show the results of a well-saturated and highly fluid mass of fine-textured sediment D. Because the images show the result of a gradual downhill movement of soil, trees, and rocks due to the force of gravity.
37. Feature K? A. Slump B. Debris flow C. Mudflow D. Soil Creep 38. Why did you pick the answer you did in Question 37? A. Because the images show material that has rotated and moved down the slope along a concave plane relative to the surface. B. Because the images show the results of a rapidly flowing and extremely powerful mass of water, rocks, sediment, boulders, and trees. C. Because the images show the results of a well-saturated and highly fluid mass of fine-textured sediment D. Because the images show the result of a gradual downhill movement of soil, trees, and rocks due to the force of gravity. Note: This portion of the lab allows you to view a slope profile of Feature K (and I encourage you to do so). But information in the slope profile is not needed to answer #39, as the Story Map text implies. To answer #39, use your knowledge about the types of mass wasting events represented by Features I and K to determine which process is faster. 39. Which mass wasting event do you expect to travel faster (Feature I or K)? Why? A. Feature I because it is one of the fastest types of mass wasting B. Feature K because it is one of the fastest types of mass wasting C. Feature I because it is one of the slowest types of mass wasting D. Feature K because it is one of the slowest types of mass wasting
