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Early Childhood Physical Development
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Sensory system development occurs throughout one’s lifespan. It begins at birth and continuously thrives into one’s adulthood. The development of the senses begins in the first month of a child’s life. (Mossler & Ziegler, 2016). The nervous system has a sensory system that is responsible for how one responds to what they see, hear, taste, smell, and touch. Development of the sensory system begins in an infant’s first month of life. The infant’s auditory, visual, and olfactory systems are developed during this period. An infant’s perception of the world is attained through the process of habituation, the diminishing of the infant’s response to stimuli (Mossler & Ziegler, 2016.) The process of habituation is used to assess an infant’s perceptual and sensory aptitudes.
Of the 5 senses, sight is the least developed sense. Infants are believed to be nearsighted at birth and may begin to see things in color at the age of 4 months (Shriner & Shriner, 2014). Neonates begin to hear sounds while in their mother’s womb. Some fetus’ can hear and respond to sounds coming from the outside of their mother’s womb. Infants can also distinguish between pleasant and unpleasant odors. Of the 5 senses, the touch is the most developed sense (Shriner & Shriner, 2014). The touch provides an infant with a sense of comfort and closeness to its caregiver. All of these senses impact a child’s perception of the world. The sensory system assists children in learning. The sensory system assists children in determining how things feel, look, taste, and helps them to distinguish sounds.
Environmental factors play an important role in a child’s development and how they perceive the world. Psychologist Albert Bandura’s social learning theory assumes that an individual’s behavior is learned by observing others (Fenestra, 2013). Parents should ensure that they create a safe and clean social environment for their child. I would suggest that parents create an environment that is conducive to learning and encourage them to keep their child’s scheduled medical appointments and to assess their child’s developmental milestones. I also would encourage parents to talk, to read, and to sing to their child. By doing this, parents will help their child develop listening and language skills.
