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What is the difference between a population and a sample? How large do you think your population and sample will need to be for your dissertation research? Explain your reasoning. What factors other than size will you consider in relation to sampling? Why? What types of descriptive statistics will you consider for summarizing the sample? Why?
Gravetter and Wallnau (2013) define a population as “the set of all the individuals of interest in a particular study” and a sample as “a set of individuals selected from a population, usually intended to represent the population in a research study” (pp. 5-6). For instance, Yeo, Goh and Liem (2016) researched the result of a test anxiety intervention on fourth grade children in Singapore. Their population was fourth grade children in Singapore. Out of this population, they decided to include 115 children in the sample, 58 for the treatment group and 57 for the control group. This made the research project much more manageable.
In my research project the population will be individuals that use simulators for professional training. There are probably hundreds of thousands of individuals in this population. Therefore, I will have to pick a representative sample out of the population to make the research project manageable. The sample for my project will most likely be fairly small, 10-25 individuals for the qualitative part. As of right now, I plan to conduct a qualitative, grounded theory research project to determine how paradigms affect the transfer of training.
I will use some statistics to analyze transfer of training. For instance, analysis of variance will be used to determine if there is a significant difference between the groups that believe in different paradigms. Yeo, Goh and Liem (2016) used analysis of variation in a similar capacity to determine if there was a difference between the intervention and non-intervention groups. They determined that there was a significant difference between the groups presumably caused by the intervention. The statistic will be used in a similar manner to determine if there is a difference in the groups in my study.
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