As a junior senator you have established a foundational level of knowledge in regard U.S. social and foreign policy.

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Essay Question:

As a junior senator you have established a foundational level of knowledge in regard U.S. social and foreign policy. You want to communicate some of this information to the constituents in your state as well as state your position on where you would like to go from here and why. You are welcome to use the following letter template to help you formulate your response. If you choose not to use the template, please ensure you are responding to the issues contained within the brackets. These are: two arguments for and two arguments against the welfare state, three controversial aspects of the Affordable Care Act, and four traditional U.S. foreign policy roles. (Responses should be a minimum of 250 words (approximately), written in letter format (no bullet points), and showcasing your knowledge of the course materials. Your knowledge should constitute the greater majority of your response. Your policy positions and reasons why you feel this way should constitute a minority of your response (meaning about one sentence per policy subject).

Dear Constituents,

It is my privilege to serve you as a senator of the great state of [fill in the blank:_____________]. I am looking forward to representing you in the effort to bring peace and prosperity to America. We have great work to do both in the domestic and international spheres.

Friends, the welfare state is controversial. I would like to discuss the arguments for and against the welfare state and then explain where I stand and why. [Compose your statement here, providing at least two arguments for and two arguments against the welfare state, according to the text only, briefly stating your position and explaining why this is your position]

Welfare is not the only social policy that is controversial. Healthcare under the Affordable Care Act has been as well. I will describe why and then explain my position on the issue and why. [Compose your statement here, providing at least three reasons, according to the text only, why the Affordable Care Act has been controversial, briefly stating your opinion on the policy and explaining why this is your opinion.]

The United States’ foreign policy role is also important to our success. These foreign policy roles have varied throughout history. I will describe these foreign policy roles and explain which position I favor and why. [Compose your statement here, identifying by name and describing the four foreign policy roles, according to the text only; briefly stating your position on which role the U.S. should take and explaining why this is your opinion.]

With your support, we will achieve our domestic and international goals to make the United States peaceful and prosperous!

Short Answer Questions:

1. Identify and give a brief description of four U.S. institutions that were created to help manage its financial affairs. 2. What are the U.S. foreign policy goals (identify and provide brief description)? What counts as success? 3. Contrast contributory programs with public assistance programs. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each? 4. Identify the two general ways in which government makes a market economy possible.

During the Cold War, both the United States and USSR maintained huge arsenals of nuclear weapons. This was an especially threatening form of deterrence known as

Question 1 options:

	suicide pact
	mutually assured destruction
	double suicide
	Romeo and Juliet’s folly
	security pact

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Question 2 (4 points)

Which of the following hypothetical policies is a monetary policy?

Question 2 options:

	a policy that raises income taxes
	a policy where the federal government buys securities to release more money into the economy
	a policy where the government requires citizens to purchase health insurance
	a policy where the government gives grants to states to build highways
	a policy that creates a national sales tax

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Question 3 (4 points)

Efforts designed to alleviate poverty by distributing benefits based on demonstrated need are considered to be

Question 3 options:

	regulatory
	contributory
	means tested
	intelligence screened
	regressive

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Question 4 (4 points)

If tax revenues become inadequate to fund Social Security, Congress can

Question 4 options:

	cover any deficit by eliminating the foreign aid budget
	order the U.S. Mint to print more money to cover the deficit
	reduce cost-of-living adjustments
	raise the age for benefits eligibility
	force states to pay the benefits instead

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Question 5 (4 points)

Which of the following is a new type of security challenge to America’s information infrastructure?

Question 5 options:

	ample food supplies
	adequate transportation infrastructure
	ample energy sources
	assassination
	cyber warfare

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Question 6 (4 points)

Presidential initiative is most important when the policy at issue is

Question 6 options:

	regulatory
	distributive
	promotional
	redistributive
	monetary

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Question 7 (4 points)

 Which of the following is an example of a diplomatic solution?

Question 7 options:

	The International Monetary Fund lends money to Greece
	Secretary of State John Kerry engages in talks with Russia to reach an agreement on the threat of Iranian nuclear weapons development
	The United States launches bombing strikes against terrorists groups and rogue states before they can do harm to the United States
	The United States sends medical aid, food relief, and rescue teams to Haiti after Haiti is struck by an earthquake
	The United States engages in a trade treaty with Canada and Mexico to lower or eliminate tariffs among the three countries

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Question 8 (4 points)

Policies which try to control monopolistic activities of business are examples of

Question 8 options:

	antitrust policy
	monetary policy
	monopoly policy
	budget policy
	fiscal policy

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Question 9 (4 points)

Most spending on social welfare in the United States goes to such programs as

Question 9 options:

	Social Security and medical insurance for the elderly
	Aid to Families with Dependent Children and food stamps
	Head Start and other educational opportunities for disadvantaged youth
	National Institutes of Health and other scientific research organizations
	Medicaid programs for the poor

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Question 10 (4 points)

What would the framers of the Constitution think of the president’s ability to commit U.S. military forces abroad?

Question 10 options:

	They would be surprised because Congress was assigned the power to declare war
	They would be surprised because the military is supposed to exercise its own judgment on national security issues
	They would have preferred that states have discretion over international deployments of state militia detachments
	They would be happy because the president is intended to have full discretion over foreign policy
	They would be surprised because the Supreme Court is required to rule on the constitutionality of each military deployment before it occurs

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Question 11 (4 points)

Since 1950, the average incomes of every income group increased—though the incomes of the wealthiest Americans (top 5 percent) increased more sharply than those of any others. This observation is also referred to as

Question 11 options:

	the gender gap
	inflation
	hyperinflation
	the income gap
	the baby boom effect

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Question 12 (4 points)

Why does Medicare’s structure contribute to its spiraling costs?

Question 12 options:

	Medicare provides a health care voucher to every beneficiary, and senior citizens lobby to increase the size of their vouchers
	By law, Medicare cannot verify the age of its recipients, so there are lots of people who sign up long before they are actually eligible
	Medicare receives a fixed amount of funds every year, so at the end of the year the program spends all of its remaining money rather than return it to the Treasury department
	Medicare operates as a third-party insurer, so it cannot prevent patients, doctors, or hospitals from incurring costs ahead of time
	Medicare is a single-payer system, so the government both provides the health care and the payment

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Question 13 (4 points)

After the 2008 election, how did the Obama administration influence U.S. policy toward ongoing conflicts?

Question 13 options:

	President Obama renounced the Bush Doctrine
	President Obama immediately hastened the departure of American troops from Iraq but not Afghanistan
	President Obama immediately hastened the departure of American troops from Afghanistan but not Iraq
	President Obama initially chose to step up American’s military effort in Afghanistan and keep U.S. forces in Iraq
	President Obama immediately hastened the departure of American troops from both Iraq and Afghanistan

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Question 14 (4 points)

The swift passage of a $700 billion bill to bail out failing financial corporations in 2008 was the result of politicians’ career ambition (mixed with concern for the nation) operating through the legislative process. Which of the five principles did this illustrate?

Question 14 options:

	rationality principle
	history principle
	institution principle
	collective action principle
	policy principle

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Question 15 (4 points)

What does a policy of deterrence require?

Question 15 options:

	concealing the nation’s willingness to fight
	making a commitment to isolationism
	getting support for the appeasement strategy
	attacking an opposing country before it grows strong
	having large military forces

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Question 16 (4 points)

Of the following, which is not an example of fiscal policy?

Question 16 options:

	eliminating the capital gains tax
	changing the federal funds rate
	raising a tariff
	borrowing money for federal spending
	cutting the income tax

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Question 17 (4 points)

Unilateral sanctions by the U.S. government are usually

Question 17 options:

	effective because of the magnitude of the U.S. economy
	effective because of the strength of the U.S. military
	ineffective because the target of the sanctions can simply trade elsewhere
	ineffective because federalism allows individual states to circumvent the sanction’s trading rules
	effective because they inspire other countries to follow suit

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Question 18 (4 points)

Which of the following explains why both Democrats and Republicans agree that entitlement programs are in danger of failure in the future?

Question 18 options:

	Many millennials may choose not to contribute to the programs
	The contributory programs fail to account for demographic factors, with a ratio of workers to retirees approaching two to one
	The Social Security and Medicare trust funds were invested in real estate funds that went bankrupt in 2007–09
	Many people from around the globe retire in the United States to take advantage of the generous Social Security and Medicare benefits
	The welfare state is an automatic stabilizer

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Question 19 (4 points)

Roughly half the people on welfare at any one time are off it within

Question 19 options:

	one month
	six months
	one week
	one year
	five years

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Question 20 (4 points)

Which of the following is the Senate’s most direct role in foreign policy?

Question 20 options:

	approving treaties
	committing troops
	appointing senior military personnel
	declaring war
	legislating the budget for the State Department