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Phil 102 [A & B] Name: _______________________ Final Exam Section: ______________________ Due dates Phil 102 A: At the beginning of class on 05/02/16. Phil 102 B: At the beginning of class on 05/03/16. Late Exams Will Not Be Accepted Without a Legitimate, Verifiable Excuse. It has come to my attention that students are working on exams together. Collaboration of this kind is forbidden as per the syllabus. If I detect a breach of this rule on the final, I will assign you a grade of an “F” for the course and report the breach of academic integrity to the appropriate university officials and said breach of academic integrity may result is suspension and/or expulsion from the university. I repeat, you must take this test without the help of another person but consulting the text and/or other materials is allowed. Receiving help from another person on this test will constitute a breach of academic integrity and the violation will be pursued to the fullest extent possible. Students gaining access to old tests should realize that test questions change and relying on old tests has resulted in some abysmal test scores. Continue to rely on old tests at your own peril. PART I (Arguments and Non-arguments) Determine which of the following passages contain arguments. Be sure to clearly identify the premise(s) and conclusion. For those passages that do not contain an argument, write “No Argument.” (5 points each, 10 total, running total 10) (1) If the risk of Disorder X can be reduced by waiting to administer the NNS vaccine until 36 months of age (rather than at 12 months), then NNS vaccinations shouldn’t be administered until 36 months of age. Waiting to administer the NNS vaccine until 36 months of age can reduce the risk of Disorder X. Therefore, the NNS vaccinations shouldn’t be administered until 36 months of age. (2) If the President signs the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) then more jobs will move to Mexico and other South American countries.
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Check My Assignment!Part II (Deduction and Induction) Indicate whether the following arguments are deductive or inductive. Don’t forget about the possibility of deductive by virtue of form. If an argument is deductive indicate whether it is valid or invalid. If an argument is inductive indicate whether it is strong or weak. (5 points each, 10 total, running total 20) As a reminder: Deductive Argument Types: Inductive Argument Types: Based on Definition Analogy Based on Mathematics Generalizations Based on Geometry Predictions From a Scientific Law Cause and Effect Reasoning Based on Form To a Scientific Law Based on Appeal to Authority (4) With just one more card to come, Bob can win the hand only if he hits 1 of 4 outs to complete his straight –about an 8.6% chance. Hence, Bob will probably lose the hand. (3) If a person tries marijuana, then he/she will try something harder. If a person tries something harder, then he/she will become addicted to drugs. Hence, if a person tries marijuana, then he/she will become addicted to drugs. Part III (Translation) Translate the following sentences into symbolic form using capital letters to represent affirmative English statements. For example, F = Fiat improves mileage, T = Toyota closes a factory, or H = Honda reduces inventory. (5 points each, 10 total, running total 30) (5) Either Honda doesn’t reduce inventory or Mercedes doesn’t introduce a new model; unless Toyota closes a factory. (6) Chrysler increases sales if Honda reduces inventory, provided that Nissan does not lay off workers.
Part IV (Fallacies) Part IV (Fallacies) Identify any informal fallacies contained in the following passages. If no fallacy is committed, write “no fallacy.”(5 points each, 10 total, running total 40) (7) Bernie Sanders has argued for campaign finance reform. But Bernie Sanders is a self- described socialist. Hence, the campaign finance laws are fine just the way that they are. (8) I’m voting for Trump. Why? Because I’m no trader, our family has always voted republican.
Part V Basic Truth Tables: (9) Complete the following Truth Table. (1 points each, 20 total, running total 60)
P Q P • Q P v Q P ⊃ Q P ≡ Q ~ P 1 T T 2 T F 3 F T 4 F F
Part VI (Validity) Using ordinary truth tables, calculate whether the following arguments are valid or invalid. (5 points each, 10 total, running total 70) (10)
A B A ⊃ ∼B ∼B ⊃ ∼A ∴ A 1 2 3 4
Valid Invalid on Line #
(11)
A B C C ⊃ ( B • A ) C ∴ A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Valid Invalid on Line #
Part VII: Proofs Using RPI, RR, CP, and TI Complete the following proofs using the Rules of Proper Inference and the Rules of Replacement. You may also elect to construct a Conditional Proof or Indirect Proof. (10 points each, 20 total, running total 90) (12) Prove: M
[#] [#] (#) Premise or Inference # # # RPI or RR (1) (D v E) ⊃ (G • H) P (2) G ⊃ ∼D P (3) D • F P (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12)
(13) Prove: ∼Q
[#] [#] (#) Premise or Inference # # # RPI or RR (1) ∼(R ∨ U) P (2) (∼R ∨ N) ⊃ ( P • H) P (3) Q ⊃ ∼H P (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12)
Part VIII: Matching Concepts. Match the following descriptions to their concept. (1 point each, 10 total, running total 100) Concepts: (A) Argument (F) A Tautology (B) Simple Statement (G) Consistent Statements (C) Main Logical Operator (H) Logically Equivalent Statements (D) Valid (I) Contradictory Statements (E) A Contingent Statement (J) A Fallacy Descriptions: (14) ____ A deductive argument such that it is impossible for the conclusion to be
false given the premises are true. (15) ____ A statement that is either true or false depending on the truth-value of its
simple statements. (16) ____ A statement that is true for every possible interpretation. (17) ____ An attempt to prove that some claim is true (or likely to be true) by
offering evidence. (18) ____ A common faulty form of reasoning. (19) ____ Whichever logical operator, plus the contents in its scope, that constitutes
the entire complex statement in which it is found. (20) ____ Any sentence, or part thereof, that is true or false. (21) ____ Two statements that have opposite truth values for every interpretation. (22) ____ Two statements that have identical values for every interpretation. (23) ____ Two statements that have at least one interpretation for which both are
true.
