America as a nation is becoming more and more diverse and globalized as the years as go on. Which means without immigration none of this could be possible and we now see more diverse communities throughout America. I do believe having some policies set in place are needed to regulate possible things like over population or more families and individuals could live in poverty.

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After reading Chapter 4 and reviewing the powerpoints,  

You will need to post your comment as respond to the 3 comments by no more than 2-3 Complete Sentences. I Looking on the depth, not the length of your comments

Need to Respond to this:

1. L. S.

America as a nation is becoming more and more diverse and globalized as the years as go on. Which means without immigration none of this could be possible and we now see more diverse communities throughout America. I do believe having some policies set in place are needed to regulate possible things like over population or more families and individuals could live in poverty. But immigration isn’t bad either if regulated safety and properly we as a nation could and have benefited from it either economically, socially, or politically. This could also lead to healthier communities because there are things people in United States don’t know (medical or technology) that an “immigrant” might do. Some might say immigration is a stressors on education and health resources because of the language and culture barriers. But I simply think the government should fund more jobs in those communities to help with some the barriers we are dealing with today. To ensure that proper care for those people in these communities.

Need to Respond to this:

2. J. K.

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Immigration is becoming more of a norm in the 21st century and it is helping the U.S. communities to become more open-minded and diverse. There are different cultural aspects that are brought here because of immigration that have positive influences on the economy and our communities. As immigration increases, maybe racial profiling and stereotyping will decrease. The attitudes and values brought over along with things like language and culture will hopefully increase peoples cultural sensitivity overtime and help shape the future of public health in the United States to be more successful because of diversity and togetherness.   

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Need to Respond to this:

3. J. J. 

أعلى النموذج

In the 21st century, America has become more diverse than ever, this will continue to happen, no matter the government tactics or what close minded people would rather want. This will continue to happen so we should all find positive ways to integrate as much as possible, instead of the opposite. With this, a lot of helpful information can rise to the forefront once everyone realizes what actually important, community health is. Assimilations of other cultures would be very beneficial. When you think about some of the major health problems globally, America does not have great rankings among other countries (especially considering all the information and resources America has). Truly understanding and having empathy for immigrants cost nothing and adopting customs/ideas from other cultures can’t hurt.

EXAMPL:

L. W.:

My target population is going to high schoolers with an intellectual or developmental disability within Bowling Green, KY. I chose this community because there is a lack of preparedness for these individuals when transitioning from a high school schedule to an adult life schedule. Many people do not know, but when an individual with a disability turns 21 years old, they are no longer welcome back at their high school. So whether your birthday is on the first day of school or the last day of school, the day after you turn 21, you are no longer permitted to be back in the high school. The challenge with this is that since there is so little emphasis on transition, this slaps many of these students in the face since they have had a routine ingrained into their life since they were very young. For anyone who’s ever had a relationship with someone with a disability, it is a known fact that this community best thrives on a consistent schedule. So when that schedule is abruptly changed, behavioral and emotional issues are often the after math while coping with the adjustment.  So for my project, I wanted to create a coalition that would emphasize the need for transition from high school to adult life. I believe that reaching out to relevant organization leaders who advocate for these individuals, mental health professionals, state leaders such as Matt Bevin, high school teachers and even parents affected by these changes, we can get insight and enough data to get a motion rolling for change. By getting this information from these people, it will be easier to build this program up with as many of sides of the intervention as we’ll have! Of course, then goals and strategies will be created and utilized to build up the program.

By using the MAPP model, I will be thoroughly implementing and promoting a program to instill change. By going through all six phases of the MAPP model, you are insuring that you are covering all of your bases in an organized fashion, while challenging yourself to think of issues that may arise later, and how to solve those issues. Since MAPP relies on partnerships and participation from members, this is also a great way to network and to use people’s strengths to further your cause. Hearing out your colleagues is important, and in fact, is part of the 3 keys to MAPP! 

THE Respond :

Dear L. W. :-

I realy appreciated your thinking about the target population that going to high schoolers with an intellectual or developmental disability within Bowling Green, KY, and how you can improve this target by using the MAPP model. So, you have a great idea about the target and you uesed the concept of the MAPP that is a shift from a focus on the agency to a focus on the community and the entire public health system. So, when you discusses your target community, try to bring everyone’s collective wisdom together to be hand by hand with you to achieve a better society and great future for those people who have the disability and facing difficult when they try to enter the high school. Therefore, by gathering all of the assets and resources within the community, the community is able to determine how best to use collective wisdom to create a healthier community. This MAPP process is a new way of doing business, and improve our community life by a great strategic planing tool.

greetings,

The Other Exampl :

K.B.

The 12 Ethical Principles are very very similar to the 10 essential public health services. These ethical principles are clarifying the distinctive elements of public health. They make the services and principles clear to communities and populations that they serve and give a standard that these services should be held accountable to. The 12 principles also define as a society what public health does for the community and population that they serve. 

The `12 principles of public health practices are based upon the 11 values and beliefs of public health. The values and beliefs are a foundation for the principles to be built upon. The 11 values are assumptions of public health practice that are the underlying for human and civil rights that are the underpinning for the 12 principles.

Going into a community it is important to remember that the members of the community have the best insight into what is going on.  These individuals have rights that have to be respected. The individuals of the community must have trust in the information that I am giving them, so adequate resources and information are required. Collaborating with other health agency to make a web of resources also help the education process become more effective. Making sure it is prominent that the purpose of the efforts is to better the community and that all individuals can become involved. Empowering those individuals to take control makes the program and efforts more effective. I would need to make sure that every individual has the knowledge and resources to make the decisions to make changes. I would need to make sure all public health services were available to the community. Following the code of ethics would also lead to all conflicts and disputes being handled properly.

THE Respond :

Dear K.B: I support your argument that 12 Ethical Principles and ten essential public health services have major similarities. However, I would like to understand some of the strategies used by the public health departments in making codes guiding their services and principles known to communities and populations they serve. I also agree that values and beliefs play a significant role in the development of public health principles

Chapter 4

Culture Competency and CEOD Process: Immigrant Populations, Health Care, Public Health, and Community

Defining and Exploring Culture

A group or community with whom one shares common experiences that shape the way they understand the world

Can include groups:

Born into

Gender

Race

National origin

Class

Religion

Moved into

Moving into a new community

Change in economic status

Change in health status

Four Concepts Associate With Culture:

Cultural knowledge / the knowledge of cultural characteristics, history, values, beliefs and behaviors of another ethnic or cultural group

Cultural awareness / being open to the idea of changing cultural attitudes

Cultural sensitivity / knowing that differences exist between cultures, but not assigning values to the differences

Cultural competence / having the capacity to bring into its systems different behaviors, attitudes and policies and work effectively in cross-cultural settings to produce better outcomes

Learning Culture

Be more aware of your own culture

What is your culture?

Do you have more than one culture?

What is your cultural background?

Learn about other’s culture

Make s conscious decision to establish friendships with people from other cultures

Put yourself in situations where you will meet people of other cultures

Examine your biases about people from other cultures

Ask questions about the cultures, customs and views

Read about other people’s cultures and histories

Listen and show caring

Observe differences in communication styles and values; don’t assume that the majority’s way is the right way

Risk making mistakes

Learn to be an ally

Understanding Culture for Community Engagement, Organization and Development (CEOD)

U.S. communities are becoming more diverse

Racial profiling & stereotyping will be key discussion points when engaging and developing communities in public health practice and may be harmful because they can impede communication, engagement and development

Racial profiling / a law enforcement practice of scrutinizing certain individuals based on characteristics thought to indicate a likelihood of criminal behavior

Stereotyping / a fixed, over generalized belief about a particular group or class of people (Cardwell, 1996)

CEOD and Cultures of the Future

Questions to help engage, organize and develop a healthy community of the future:

If you could have your ideal community right now what would it look like?

If you can’t have your ideal community right now, what will be the next steps in building the kind of cultural community you desire?

Who lives in the community right now?

What kinds of diversity already exist?

How will diversity be approached in your community?

What kinds of relationships are established between cultural groups?

Are the different cultural groups well organized?

What kind of struggles between cultural groups exists?

What kind of struggles within cultural groups exists?

Are these struggles openly recognized and talked about?

Are there efforts to build alliances and coalitions between groups?

What issues do different cultural groups have in common?

Culture Building and Context

Contextualization / communicating or providing a service in such a way that it addresses the needs of the people it seeks to serve

Principles that will create a favorable environment for building diverse communities:

Every person needs to feel included and important

Guilt/blaming does not work in fostering diversity

Treating everyone the same may be unintentionally oppressive (learn about cultural difference and treat appropriately)

Keep a spirit of hope on all issues\

Team building

Welcome differences among groups

“How” content is delivered is often more important than “What” the content is

Engage families, organizations, institutions and neighborhoods

The Demographic Challenge: Birth Dearth or Population Bomb

2000 Census	2010 Census	Change (%)
U.S. Population	281.4 million	308.7 million	+27.3 million (9%)
Non-Hispanic White Hispanic Black Asian	194.6 (69%) 35.3 (12.5%) 34.7 (12.3%) 10.2 (3.6%)	196.8 (64%) 50.5 (16.3%) 38.9 (12.6%) 14.7 (4.8%)	+2.3 (1.2%) +15.2(43%) +4.3 (12.3%) +4.4 (43%)

Immigration Policy and Practice in the US: A Historical Perspective

The McCarran Walter Act of 1952

The Hart-Cellar Act of 1965

The Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996

The 1996 Welfare Reform Act

The 2009 CHIP Reauthorization Act

Results of September 11, 2001 for immigration

The Response of Native Born to Immigrant

Nativism / intense opposition to an internal minority on the grounds of its foreign connections

Racism / a belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that racial differences produce an inherent superiority of a particular race

Ethnocentrism / characterized by or based on the attitude that one’s own group is superior

Assimilate / to absorb into the culture or mores of a population or group

Health Status of Immigrant Populations

Immigrants tend to have more positive health behaviors and fewer negative health behaviors when compared to the U.S. born population.

Over successive generations, immigrants tend to becomes more “American” in habits, which can result in “unhealthy assimilation”

Language barriers play a large role in adverse health outcomes for many immigrants

Poverty and lack of education also plays a negative role in health status

The Irony of Health Care for Immigrants: The Inequity Surprise

Uninsured: Immigrants = 12.3 million 26.6% of total uninsured

Immigrants spend one half to two thirds the medical expenditures of native-born Americans, even when fully insured

Contrary to stereotype, immigrants as a group are sparing users of health services

California, Texas, Florida and New York account for 58.8% of uninsured immigrants in U.S.

The uninsured (immigrants and native born) are responsible for only 2% of the cost of health care in U.S.

Health disparities must be addressed to improve the health status of the nation

Those Because insurance companies negotiate rates with providers and hospitals, patents with insurance are charged significantly less than those without coverage (Those least able to pay are charged the most)

The 2010 Health Reform Law / Affordable Care Act is expected to expand coverage for poor uninsured, mainly through the expansion of Medicare and CHIP, but will not address undocumented immigrants

Generational Differences & Generational Change

Over successive generations, European Immigrants become more closely approximated to the host population progressively erasing deficits in education attainment, economic achievement and health status along seven dimensions:

Cultural

Structural

Marital

Identity

Prejudice

Discrimination

Civic assimilation

Asian and White European fare better than other immigrants of color

Cuban Americans are the most successful Hispanic group

Effecting Change and Establishing Dialogue: Organization as Education

Cross cultural care for immigrant patients

Humility

Empathy

Curiosity

Respect

Sensitivity

Awareness of outside influences