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Science, and the scientific process, are not always well understood by the general public. Sometimes they view scientists as “changing their minds,” or they may not understand all of the influences that play into scientific knowledge building and discoveries.
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You will be reviewing three articles – the original scientifically published article, and two related articles that were published on-line before the scientific article was officially published! You will be asked to compare and contrast what is
Questions
1. Science is a very human endeavor. Sometimes, scientists have hurdles to overcome to reach their goals. Often, they work collaboratively with others.
Who is the lead author on the scientific article? ______________________________________(Source: _________________)
What university did he originally get his degree from? _________________________________(Source: _________________)
Why did he attend this university? (Source: _________________)
What universities was he working from at the time of the publication of the article? (Source: _________________)
a. ___________________________________________________________________________________________
b. ___________________________________________________________________________________________
How many other authors are there on the publication? _________ (Source: _________________)
How many institutions do they represent? __________ How many countries do they represent? ________
Which other author is quoted in the Purdue article? (Source: _________________)
Why do you think that this author is quoted here, but not in the other articles?
2. Scientific knowledge, and what we might consider “fact”, is tentative. That means that, given new technology, new data, and/or new ways of analyzing data, some scientific information or paradigms might change. This is a natural and important part of the scientific process.
Briefly describe how the original version of what a lichen is was first determined. What was this relationship called?
(Source: _________________)
Was this accepted right away? __________ Why not? What did the scientists do to help them support their hypothesis?
(Source: _________________)
What commonly held belief about lichens changed as a result of the current research? (Source: _________________)
What initial observation about two lichens led to this research (be specific about the organisms and substances involved) How were these organisms the same? How were the different? (Source: _________________)
What tools/technology were used to support this new development? List two and describe how they were used and what the results were (Source: _________________)
How long did it take before the scientists to pinpoint the location of the latest lichen symbiont? _______________ How did they do it? What is this organism (be specific – what phylum and genus)? (Source: _________________)
Why do the authors think that the attempt to synthesize lichens in vitro has failed? (Source: _________________)
3. The use and importance of scientific information in the world outside of science may not always be apparent. That is why so much support goes into research, even though it may seem insignificant or esoteric.
How many institutions and organizations helped to fund this research? ______ (Source: _________________)
Why is understanding the relationships between symbiotic organisms important? Provide at least two examples.
(Source: _________________)
Why might lichens, and the substances they produce, be important to people? (Source: _________________)
What did you find most interesting about this research and how the different articles handled explaining it?
